July, 1817: The ‘Era of Good Feelings’ begins in Boston

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  2. July, 1817: The 'Era of Good Feelings' begins in Boston

These entries from John Gallison’s diaries contain a few updates on the financial affairs of Gallison’s Aunt Scott.  Once known as Mrs. John Hancock, she was in the process of liquidating her estate, the enormous fortune inherited from her first husband having been put into distress by cronies of her second. Of more general interest, Gallison chronicled the famous visit of President James Monroe to Boston, part of an extensive tour of the nation that led to the coining of the “Era of Good Feelings.”  Gallison’s analysis reminds us that, however literally future generations might have taken that phrase, not everyone held good feelings for the new president and his supporters.   Federalists may have been silenced at the national level, but that did not mean they were all inclined to support the new administration. When the President attended the afternoon service at the famous Federal Street Church as part of his charm offensive, William Ellery Channing’s sermon made clear his disdain for those who sought unnecessary military glory.  This he managed to do without directly accusing the Democratic-Republican sitting before him, who just five years before had helped lead the United States into war against Britain.  Channing began on the virtue of charity, but quickly pivoted into a very Unitarian/Protestant summary of church history.  Newspapers of the day made no comment, but it is not difficult to make a connection between Channing’s reference to ancient Jewish and Roman beliefs and recent anti-British military fervor. Gallison borrowed from this framework to underpin his 1819 address to the Federalist-dominated Massachusetts Peace Society.  In that speech, he not only excoriated those who would mis-use patriotism, but also broadened his argument to reject the “Platonic” (we might today call it Machiavellian or republican) willingness to accept different standards for public and private morality. While Jefferson, Madison, and their followers may not have adopted a “republican” (with small “r”) philosophy as uncritically as some historians would later maintain, there is no question that Federalists were quite willing to accuse them of doing so.  By raising the specter of classical political philosophy, with its toleration of separate moral spheres for public and private life, Federalists were effectively linking Republicans’ policies to a willingness to abandon Christian virtue.  Jeffersonians’ sympathy for (revolutionary/ atheist) France and preference for separating church from state made their sinfulness all the more apparent in this framework.

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      Arrival of Pres[iden]t of U[nited] S[tates]   123 Thursday ev[enin]g 3 July - 1817. Yesterday James Monroe, pres[iden]t of U[nited] States, made his entrance into Boston - He is now on a tour to the middle & eastern states - and in returning intends, it is said, to visit the lake shore & the Western part of Pennsylvania. - Great preparations had been made for his reception in Boston.  He was received at the line on the neck by the police, & committee of arrange- ments - a procession was then formed, under the es- cort of a squadron of cavalry, and composed of the civil & military officers, a numerous cavalcade - & a long line of carriages - This train proceeded thro’ the common, where a lane was formed by the children of both sexes arranged on either side, to the number of Four Thousand - thence down winter street - Marlboro Street - State Street - Broad-street - up State Street to the head of Congress Street - where the Pres[ident] dis- mounted & was escorted by the Cadets to the Ex- Coffee House, where apartments had been furnished  
            124 for him in most splendid style - An address was delivered in the gallery of the Coffee House by the chairman of the Select-men, which the Pres[ident] an- swered . - -   And yet all this parade & show had in it very little heart.  Mr M[onroe]’s friends in- deed might have been willing to do honor to the man, & to rejoice in the election, to which he has attained - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . - It was tho[ugh]t necessary for the honor of the town to give him a splendid reception, & accordingly it was done - For my own part, I was a spectator & nothing more.  I wished to see a man who whatever may be his character, is certainly dis- tinguished - & as good luck would have it, I obtained a good position, & had a fine view of his countenance - To-day, the Pres[ident] has  
                                  Vide Ante Journal E, pages 35-80 125 visited the forts & public ships - & afterwards went to xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx ^ Medford  to call on Gov[ernor] Brooks.   My occupations this week have been almost entirely those of business. I called at Mr Tho[mas] W. Ward’s last ev[enin]g & meeting there Miss Ward & Miss C. Gray, I passed an hour very pleasantly.   Sunday - P.M.  6 July 1817. One I    I have attended worship at Mr Chan- ning’s all day.  In the morning, he delivered an excellent sermon, which I well recollected to have heard before - “He was holy, harmless, unde- filed, separate from sinners” - When formerly delivered this sermon was the last of a number on the excellen- cies of our Saviour’s character.  A record of it will be found in some of the preceding volumes of my journal - probably in 1813 - // -  The design  
    126 of the sermon is to illustrate the perfect manner, in which qualities generally opposed to one another are blended in him, so as to form a perfect & har- monious whole, to which no parrallel can be found among men. - After remarking, that in human characters, one excellence was found to exclude another - so that those of opposite ten- dency were never found to exist together in any exalted degree, he proceeded to support by reference the many different passages in our Saviour’s conduct, the co-existence of the highest dignity & elevation - a tone of authority & greatness - with the most per- fect condescension and sympathy in the wants & distresses of others. - The instances, which I now recollect, are those of the raising of Lazarus - & of the son of the widow of Nain - the curing of the blind  
    127 beggar by the way side - the benedictions of the sermon on the mount - the walking on the sea, & the encour- aging words spoken to the disciples, when trembling with fear - his conduct at the transfiguration - & lastly, his discourse & conduct at the last supper, & in the gar- den, where he was betrayed, ^ & before his accusers -  He next Mr C[hanning] next exposed the union of the most lively sensibility & tenderness, with unexampled fortitude - The in- stances adduced were - of his tenderness, his behaviour at the raising of Lazarus, when the Saviour often dis- solved in tears - his presenting to the mother with his own hand, the damsel he had raised - his troubled spirit, when he foresaw the treason of Judas - of the fortitude the instances were, was shewn in his last sufferings - And here Mr C[hanning] replied to an objection, which might be made, that in this instance he appeared overpowerd with grief, & fell to the ground - But he fell, not in despair, but to  
              Dine at Aunt Scott’s - probably for the last time   128 worship the God of all truth - His concern & trouble was necessary, as he was subject to all human feelings & passions.  Nor is it the perfection of our character not to feel, but to support suffering with calmness & resignation. -   I dined at Aunt Scott’s in compliance with an invitation which she gave me last evening. It is probably the last time I shall ever have this pleasure. - There were present Mrs Pres- cott of Portsmouth, whom I saw there frequently six years since - Miss Mary Davis - Mrs Clap - Two Miss Gardners, & Mr Greenough - // - After meeting in the morning, I called at Uncle J. Sewall’s, having attended Mrs Henry D. Sewall from meeting - I found Aunt S[ewall] at home, & passed half an hour very agreeably -   This afternoon, The President attended worship  
        Sermon before Pres[iden]t Monroe   129 at Mr Channing’s.  We had of course a very crowded house - Mr Channing delivered a very excellent sermon from the text -  “And now abideth faith, hope, charity - but the greatest of these is charity” -   After explaining the force & signification of the term “charity”, as meaning a wide & extend- ed benevolence - & nearly the same as “love” - Mr C[hanning] proceeded, with great ingenuity & eloquence, to unfold & explain the influence, which Christianity has had in producing the spirit of universal benevolence - a desire of ameliorating the condi- tion of all mankind - as distinguished from a narrow, partial & confined regard to one’s own country or family, which alone was cultivated before the Christian system - He then vindicated the Christian religion from the charge of a deficiency  
  130 in not particularly inculcating patriotism as a virtue. At the time when Christianity was introduced, men needed rather to be restrained than exci- ted in this respect.  The love of country was so strong as to overcome the sense of Justice, & the com- mon feelings of humanity. - The Jews regarded the people of all other nations as enemies, & tho[ugh]t it a duty to hate them.  The Roman had no passion so strong, as what was thought to be the glory of his country - & was ready to bleed & die to assist in enslaving all other people - & in depriving the barbarian of the only blessing left him, that of perfect freedom. - But Chris- tianity has laid the only sane foundation of patriotism - in inculcating a regard to public morals, & a desire to elevate the character of society - There was in this respect a remarkable difference between  
                            4th July 1817 - Pres[iden]t Monroe   131 modern & antient times.  Antiently nations were regarded as a whole, & their happiness, was thought to consist in military glory, power, & opulence - Now, the happiness of the nation was sought in the attending to particulars, & in promoting domestic & social virtues - in encour- aging education & useful arts - and in the general diffusion of religion & morality. - This was the only sure basis of national prosperity.  Many nations possessing the most fruitful soil, & the kindliest sky, were yet in a wretched state of degradation - External advantages were of little avail without a regard to religion & duty . -   On Friday (4th July) I received an invitation to dine at Uncle J Sewall’s, in company with Mrs Hinckley.  This I gladly accepted.  
        Channing’s oration   132 I went to the Old South to attend the performan- ces. - The prayer was made by my classmate Parkman.  The oration by my friend Edw[ard] T. Channing Esq[uire] - I regretted that my engagement to dine obliged me to hurry away soon after Channing began.  I was pleased with that part of the oration, which I heard.  And all that I have heard speak of it since have given a very good acc[oun]t of it. It was received with great applause.  President Monroe was one of the auditors. -   I went after dinner with Thomas Sew- all to see the Steam boat - but could not go on board - I then went to Aunt Scott’s in the expectation of seeing a balloon raised from the common - But the attempt failed -  
                  133 While I was at Aunt S[cott]’s a message came to her, that Pres[iden]t Monroe would call on her between 7 & 8 o’clock. - I hurried away, as I did not wish to meet so great a personage.  He did in fact call between 8 & 9 o’clock.      
 

Editor(s):

Stephen L Symchych

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Oliver Zinn

Source Note

Manuscripts for the ten surviving volumes of Gallison’s diaries are held at the Massachusetts Historical Society.

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Transcript prepared by Stephen Symchych and Transcription Services, Ltd.

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